External shocks—ranging from commodity-price spikes, wars, and pandemics to foreign monetary tightening and sudden stops of capital—pose immediate and diverse challenges for centra...
Sovereign debt restructuring refers to a negotiated or court-assisted adjustment of a nation’s external or domestic public debt conditions once the original obligations become unte...
Understanding how energy prices are set requires following multiple interlocking markets, physical logistics and policy levers. Prices emerge from the interaction of supply and dem...
Global inequality—both across nations and within their borders—has evolved through a tangled interplay of economic, technological, political and environmental forces over the past ...
Peace processes confront a core dilemma: they must stabilize post-conflict settings swiftly enough to avert renewed fighting while still providing adequate accountability to addres...
Insufficient or patchy environmental information poses a widespread obstacle for governments, regulators, and companies seeking to uphold climate obligations. Such weak data may ar...
